PUTRI WULANDARI

21209608

3EB13

In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented.

            The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented.

1. Which of the following is NOT true?

a.       Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.

b.      The games were held in Greece every four years.

c.     Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.

d.      Poem glorified the winners in song.

The Reason   : Kalimat tersebut salah, karena telah dijelaskan bahwa “The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods.” (paragraph 2)

2. The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…

a. Aristocracy                             c. intellectuals

b.  Brave                                        d. muscular

The Reason   : Dalam bahasa Indonesia, “Elite” berarti golongan atas atau kaum bangsawan. Dan Pengertian dari “Aristocracy” adalah kaum ningrat.

3. Why were the Olympic Games held?

a. To stop wars                               c. To crown the best athletes

b. To honor Zeus                   d. To sing songs about the athletes

The Reason   : Terdapat pada kalimat “In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.” (paragraph 1)

4. Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?

a.       800 years         b. 1,200 years            c. 2,300 years           d. 2,800 years

The Reason   : Dijelaskan pada kalimat “dating from 776 B.C” yang berarti dimulai pada tahun 776 sebelum masehi, yang berarti telah terselenggarakan selama 2788 tahun hingga saat ini (tahun 776 + tahun 2012). Berarti sekitar 2800 tahun.

5. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

a.       They were pacifists.

b.    They believed athletic events were important

c.       They were very simple

d.      They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates

The Reason   : Terdapat pada kalimat “The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.” (paragraph 2)

6. What is the main idea of this passage?

a. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks

b. The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs

c. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games

d. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over.

The Reason   : Terdapat pada kalimat “The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods.” (paragraph 2)

7. In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to

a. Accomplishments

b. Ancestors

c. Documents

d. Property

The Reason   : Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, “deeds” adalah tindakan atau perbuatan. Dan pengertian dari “Accomplishments” adalah penyelesaian, prestasi, atau kemahiran.

8. Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?

a.       They must have completed military service

b.      They had to attend special training sessions

c.    They had to be Greek males with no criminal record

d.      They had to be very religious

The Reason   : Terdapat pada kalimat “Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.” (paragraph 1)

9. The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as ..

a.       Encourages

b.      Started

c.    Curtailed

d.      Fixed

The Reason   : Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, “halted” adalah berhenti sebentar / dihentikan. Dan pengertian dari “Curtailed” adalah membatasi atau mengurangi.

10. What is an “Olympiad”?

a.       The time it took to finish the games

b.    The time between games

c.       The it took to finish a war

d.      The time it took the athletes to train

The Reason   : Terdapat pada kalimat “The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.” (paragraph 2)

STYLISTIC PROBLEMS

1. The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s questions ____________

a.       Because he was afraid it would incriminate him.

b.      For fear that they will incriminate him

c.    Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him

d.      Fearing that he will be incriminated by it

The Reason   : Karena kata “question” di atas berbentuk plural (jamak), maka jawaban yang benar adalah C, karena “answers” berbentuk plural (jamak).

2. Mrs. Walker has returned_______________

a.       A wallet back to its original owner

b.      To its original owner the wallet

c.       The wallet to its originally owner

d.    The wallet to its original owner

The Reason   : Karena kata “return” diikuti dengan kata “to” sehingga kata owner seharusnya diikuti dengan adverb.

3. The hospital owes____________ for the construction of the new wing.

a.    The government twenty million dollars

b.      For the government twenty million dollars

c.       To the government twenty million dollars

d.      Twenty million of dollars to the government

The Reason   : Struktur kalimat yang sederhana adalah S+V+O. Sehingga setelah verb lalu yang tepat dilanjutkan dengan objek. Maka jawaban yang paling tepat adalah A.

4. Sarah ____________ that she could not attend classes next week.

a.       Told to her professors

b.      Said her professors

c.    Told her professors

d.      Is telling her professors

The Reason   : Susunan penulisan yang benar adalah C.

5. The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because___________

a.       He painted very good

b.    They believed he painted well

c.       Of their belief that he was an good artist

d.      The judges had been told of his talents

The Reason   : Struktur kalimat yang paling tepat adalah B. Karena setelah verb (painted) seharusnya adverb (well) buka adjective.

6. If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and

                                     A     B                         C                  

have to pay a fine.

           D

The correct answer : If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and have to be paid a fine.

The reason         : Karena kata "stopped" dan "ticketed" dalam bentuk pasif, maka "have to pay a fine" juga harus dalam bentuk pasif.

7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night

                                                    A                               B

because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

                     C                                 D

The correct answer : Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsal, did not show up last night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

The reason           : Di dalam kata “rehearsal”  tidak pelu ditambahkan huruf “s” karena bukan verb dari kata "the choir".

8.  A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams of her daughter

              A                                    B                               C

who lives overseas.

                D

The correct answer : A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreamed of her daughter who lives overseas.

The Reason           : Karena dalam kalimat tersebut berbentuk lampau, maka kata "dreams" seharusnya juga dalam bentuk lampau.

9. The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all

                                      A                                     B

who have the good fortune to visit there.

       C             D

The correct answer : The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all  that have the good fortune to visit there.

The reason           : Karena “Who” digunakan untuk menunjukkan orang, sehingga menggunakan kata “that” untuk menjelaskan "the atmosphere". 

10.  Some of the people were standing in the street watched the parade,

                    A                 B                                C

while others were singing songs.

                D

The correct answer : Some of the people were standing in the street watching the parade,  while others were singing songs.

The Reason           : Karena kalimat ini berbentuk past pasrticiple, maka kata kerjanya menggunakan verb-ing.